Organizational Stress Positive or Negative - 1656 Words

DDBA 8151 – Andrea Manzoni Discussion 1 Module 3 Organizational Stress: Positive or Negative? The increased uncertainty about the future, the global competition, lower living standards, the spreading disorganization and absence of leadership are just some of the causes that concur to generate organizational stress. Lazarus (as cited in Selart Johansen, 2011) defined stress as the physiological and psychological reaction of any individual against external factors called stressors. Several studies were conducted to evaluate how these factors negatively affect the physical and mental health of both workers and managers. For instance research conducted by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions in†¦show more content†¦Missing of an effective leadership is the main cause of disruption: the project manager is not the level the project of this magnitude requires. This fact translates into quantity and qualitative overload of work to the project people with clear compromise on quality of work done. This overload generates frustration, an xiety and aggressiveness among the team. People start resigning, with a clear impact on the project performance as it is not easy to find available and suitable personnel in the local market. This issue increases the workload of the present staff, as no replacement is always available immediately. Besides the tangible effect of the stress, there is another important aspect of stressed employees which deals with ethical conduct. One of the main tasks of a leader is to align the values of the employees with the values of the organization. In fact, as Bass (1999) declared, transformational leadership is required to align the individual s values and beliefs, and the requirements of the work position. When the alignment between personal and organizational values is missing, â€Å"attitudes will be formed which suppress motivation, hinder performance, and result in greater levels of dissatisfaction, turnover, and stress† (Posner, 2010, p. 536). In particular, Selart and Johansen (2011) suggested that the stress influence the capability of people to elaborate ethicalShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Job Rotation And Role Stress Among Nurses On Job Satisfaction And Organizational Commitment1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe authors Wen-Hsien Ho, Ching Sheng Chang, Ying-Ling Shih and Ro ng-Da Liang in their research article â€Å"Effects Of Job Rotation And Role Stress Among Nurses On Job Satisfaction And Organizational Commitment†, conducted a field study and the purpose of study was to inspect how role stress among nurses could affect their organizational commitment and job satisfaction, and if the job rotation system might encourage nurses to recognize, relate to and share the vision of the organization, it will resultRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Human Behavior1217 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational behavior studies the impact of groups, individuals, and structures have on the personal human behavior within many organizations. 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Descriptive Essay About a Person Free Essays

Zarja G. ESSAY #: About a person They say you will never forget the person you first laid your eyes on. A tinny glimpse, which you probably do not remember, although it somehow stayed in your heart. We will write a custom essay sample on Descriptive Essay About a Person or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not the picture but the feeling you had when you saw him/her. The feeling of warmth, safety and joy. Without them you feel lost not really yourself. Somehow they are a part of you, a part of your world, your heart. For me that is my mother. Her voice calms me down. After moving to Vienna I was a bit homesick, but my mom would call me and everything would get better in a second. Just the sound of her voice is what I need from time to time. She is very good with words and almost knows what you want to hear when you are sad. Being a journalist and a writer explains her love of books and literature in general. She loves telling stories and is really good at it. She puts her heart and soul in what she writes. She never talks about her feelings, but in stories and short stories she always does. Writing somehow makes her feel better. It makes her emotions be heard without a voice just by the words on a white paper. The picture of my mother will never ever disappear from my mind. Her curly brown hair with a ribbon in them so they do not hide her face, her dark brown eyes and the smile which lights up my world. She is not that tall probably the same height as me. Her style for clothing is a bit different from other mothers, but I love that. She never wears heals and her favorite shoes are converse Allstars. My mother is a fantastic cook. Whatever she prepares is absolutely delicious. Even our neighbors tell us that after my parents moved to Klagenfurt even they miss the smell of her gingerbread cookies. For me it is a smell of Christmas. You can smell cinnamon and honey and you can almost immediately feel your mouth water. Right after the cookies were done in our family they quite quickly disappeared. She is the one who is always there for me. If I am in trouble or just sad I know I can always count on her. She would walk to my room close the door and slowly sit next to me. Without even asking she would know I am not okay. Her presence made me always feel better even though I was broken inside. Her hand would slowly rub my back and she would whisper in my ear: ‘‘I am here everything will be okay. ’’ And it always was. I could say my mother is my best friend which will never disappear from my life. Her personality and charisma makes me want to be just like her when I grow up. We are kind of inseparable. I am always there for her as well as she is there for me. I love my mom. How to cite Descriptive Essay About a Person, Essays Descriptive Essay About a Person Free Essays Zarja G. ESSAY #: About a person They say you will never forget the person you first laid your eyes on. A tinny glimpse, which you probably do not remember, although it somehow stayed in your heart. We will write a custom essay sample on Descriptive Essay About a Person or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not the picture but the feeling you had when you saw him/her. The feeling of warmth, safety and joy. Without them you feel lost not really yourself. Somehow they are a part of you, a part of your world, your heart. For me that is my mother. Her voice calms me down. After moving to Vienna I was a bit homesick, but my mom would call me and everything would get better in a second. Just the sound of her voice is what I need from time to time. She is very good with words and almost knows what you want to hear when you are sad. Being a journalist and a writer explains her love of books and literature in general. She loves telling stories and is really good at it. She puts her heart and soul in what she writes. She never talks about her feelings, but in stories and short stories she always does. Writing somehow makes her feel better. It makes her emotions be heard without a voice just by the words on a white paper. The picture of my mother will never ever disappear from my mind. Her curly brown hair with a ribbon in them so they do not hide her face, her dark brown eyes and the smile which lights up my world. She is not that tall probably the same height as me. Her style for clothing is a bit different from other mothers, but I love that. She never wears heals and her favorite shoes are converse Allstars. My mother is a fantastic cook. Whatever she prepares is absolutely delicious. Even our neighbors tell us that after my parents moved to Klagenfurt even they miss the smell of her gingerbread cookies. For me it is a smell of Christmas. You can smell cinnamon and honey and you can almost immediately feel your mouth water. Right after the cookies were done in our family they quite quickly disappeared. She is the one who is always there for me. If I am in trouble or just sad I know I can always count on her. She would walk to my room close the door and slowly sit next to me. Without even asking she would know I am not okay. Her presence made me always feel better even though I was broken inside. Her hand would slowly rub my back and she would whisper in my ear: ‘‘I am here everything will be okay. ’’ And it always was. I could say my mother is my best friend which will never disappear from my life. Her personality and charisma makes me want to be just like her when I grow up. We are kind of inseparable. I am always there for her as well as she is there for me. I love my mom. How to cite Descriptive Essay About a Person, Essays

Piute Indians Essay Example For Students

Piute Indians Essay The Paiutes, or Piutes (pronounced PIE-oot), included many different bands, spread out over a vast region. They are recognized as some of the North American Indian tribes. They are usually organized into two groups for study: the Northern Paiutes and the Southern Paiutes. The northern branch occupied territory that is now northwestern Nevada, southeastern Oregon, southwestern Idaho, and northeastern California. The southern branch lived in territory now part of western Utah, southern Nevada, northwestern Arizona, and southeastern California. The Northern and Southern Paiutes spoke varying dialects of the Uto-Aztecan language family, related to the Shoshone dialect. The name Paiute is thought to mean true Ute or Water Ute, also indicating and ancestral relationship with the Ute Indians of Utah. The Paiute, are one of the best-known peoples of the Intermountain Great Basin area. Some Paiutes were nomadic, moving from place to place in search of game and wild plant foods. For the Paiute bands, their activities and whereabouts in the course of a year were dictated by the availability of food. They traveled a great deal, constructing temporary huts of brush and reeds strewn over willow poles, known as wickiups, which were similar to Apache dwellings. The first plant food available in the springtime was the cattail growing in marsh ponds. The Indians ate the shoots raw. Other wild plant foodsroots and greenssoon followed. Spring was also a good time to hunt ducks in ponds on the birds migration northward, and, in the highlands to the north the Great Basin, to fish the rivers and streams during annual spawning runs. In summertime, many more wild plant foods ripened, such as berries and rice grass. The Indians ground the seeds of the latter into meal. In the autumn, the primary food was pine nuts. The Indians collected them from pinon trees growing on the hills and plateaus rising above the Great Basin. In the late fall, the Indians returned to the desert lowlands to hunt game throughout the winter, especially rabbits. Year-round, Paiutes ate whatever else they could forage, such as lizards, grubs, and insects. The Paiutes, along with other Great Basin tribes, have been called Digger Indians by whites because they dug for many of their foods. The Northern Paiutes, who occupied areas of California, Nevada, and Oregon in the 19th century, were friendly with American settlers until the gold rush began in 1848. At first, in contacts with fur trappers and traders, such as Jedehiah Smith in 1825, Peter Skene Ogden in 1827, and Joseph Walker in 1833, the Northern Paiutes were friendly. With large numbers of prospectors entering their land and disrupting their way of life, the Indians turned hostile. They played a prominent role in wars such as the Coeur d Alene war of 1858-59, the Snake War in 1866-67, and the Bannock War of 1878. They fought with the invaders a number of times until 1874, when the last Paiute lands were taken by the U. S. government. The Paiutes had great chiefs that led them through wars and conflicts. Some of the names include Paulina and Old Weawea. They were from two Northern Paiute bands called the Snake warriors. Chief Buffalo Horn, Chief Egan, a medicine man Oytes, Wovoka (also known as Jack Wilson), and Tavibo. The Southern Paiutes, who lived in parts of Utah, Arizona, Nevada, and California, had relatively little conflict with settlers and remained peaceful. The Southern Paiutes were indirectly involved in a conflict in 1888. In 1990, 11,142 people in the U. S. , living mainly on reservations in Nevada and California, claimed Paiute ancestry. A Paiute from Nevada by the name of Wovoka founded a religion called the Ghost Dance. He was the son of another mystic, Tavibo, and was affected by his fathers teachings. Wovoka experienced a vision during an eclipse of the sun and afterward began preaching that the earth would soon perish, then come alive again in a natural state with lush prairie grass and huge herds of buffalo. .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f , .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f .postImageUrl , .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f , .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f:hover , .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f:visited , .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f:active { border:0!important; } .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f:active , .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u48e668dd694ef1ddcda1533381a7c03f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Challange class EssayThere would be more whites. The Indians, as well as their dead ancestors, would inherit this new world. Wovoka believed that in order to bring about this new existence, Indians had to purge themselves of the white mans ways, especially alcohol, and live together harmoniously. He also called for meditation, prayer, chanting, and most of all dancing. He claimed that Indians could catch a glimpse of this future paradise by performing the Ghost Dance. The Ghost Dance religion spread to tribes all over the West, especially Arapahos, Shoshones, and Sioux. Some of the Sioux medicine men called for violence against the whites, claiming that magical Ghost Dance Shirts could protect the Indians from the soldiers bullets. This new found faith and militancy led up to the massacre of Indians by whites at Wounded Knee in 1890. They were simple people as were their native arts. Paiutes traded blankets and baskets with other native american tribes. Southern Paiutes language have switch reference indicate whether a subject or object of a clause is the same as or different from the subject or object of an earlier clause. In English, for example, if someone says Sam met John coming out of his house, the listener does not know who was coming or whose house was involved, because English lacks switch reference. Today, Northern and Southern Paiutes live on various reservations in Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Arizona, and California. Many others live off reservations in those states. Utley, Robert Marshall. The Indian Frontier of the American West, 1846-1890. New Mexico, 1984. A balanced account of the relationships between European settlers and native Americans. Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk Wagnalls Corporation Carson City, Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk Wagnalls Corporation Boas, Franz. Introduction to Handbook of American Indian Languages and Indian Linguistic Families North of Mexico. Nebraska, 1966. Reprint of two early classics, the second by J. W. Powell. Bright, William, ed. American Indian Languages: Collected Works of Edward Sapir. Mouton, 1989. Reprint of classic work. Campbell, Lyle and Mithun, Marianne, eds. The Languages of Native America. Texas, 1979. Papers assessing state of North American Indian language studies. Murray, David. Forked Tongues: Speech, Writing, and Representation in North American Indian Texts. Indiana, 1991. Addresses problems of intercultural communication. American Indian languages (Bibliography), Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk Wagnalls Corporation Nevada, Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk Wagnalls Corporation Utley, Robert Marshall. The Indian Frontier of the American West, 1846-1890. New Mexico, 1984. A balanced account of the relationships between European settlers and native Americans. The West (Bibliography), Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk Wagnalls Corporation Southern Paiute People, Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1993 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1993 Funk Wagnalls Corporation

The Enchantress of Florence Review Essay Example

The Enchantress of Florence Review Paper Essay on The Enchantress of Florence At first glance, the new book of Salman Rushdies The Enchantress of Florence a historical novel. But, in spite of the voluminous list of scientific sources, it is rather far from the dry facts of the tale in the entourage of the Middle Ages at the intersection of the borders of East and West. XVI century, blond stranger comes from distant lands to the court of the great Mughal sultan Akbar of the dynasty. Hes come a long way, to tell the story of the mighty one of its origin, to hear that are worthy of a royal ears. He tells of the wanderings of a beautiful princess Chernoglazki Kara-Koz, has the power to fascinate people. During the capture of her hometown, Princess became the prey of the Shah, but, if possible, has not returned to the family, but remained with the conqueror, for which he was removed from the history of the dynasty. Nothing lasts forever, Sheikh also was defeated, and Chernoglazka moved from one winner to another. Her next lover was the leader of the Turkish Janissaries argala, former resident of Florence. Fleeing from the wrath of the Ottoman sultan, they flee to Europe and enters the service of Giuliano de Medici. Travel Kara-Koz is exactly the same path of Rushdie and heroes of the earth under her feet, Hindustan Europe America We will write a custom essay sample on The Enchantress of Florence Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Enchantress of Florence Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Enchantress of Florence Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Among the actors: Niccolo Machiavelli, the representatives of the illustrious family of Vespucci and the Medici, approximate, and the sultans family. Akbar. Corporate identity Rushdie, turning quite freely with historical characters, he breathes life into them, gives volume and prominent character traits. One story begins in the main storyline, and then another, and all of them are connected to the overall picture, reflected, repeating, refracted, the characters to each other imaginary, fictional characters, but the power of thought is so great that the images of what he heard the story, becomes real than the surrounding reality. At the disposal of Akbars huge harem of beautiful women, but beloved wife Jodha, lives only in his fantasies, that does not prevent her to influence the sultan and the envy of competitors The central figures: the wanderer, princess, argala strangers. who have lost their roots, who left home, took a foreign culture. And this is their strength: To see the circle, it is necessary to get out of the circle. Rushdie shows that alien images of the East and the West is largely created by the mind of man, and he can also overcome differences. The book is based on the interweaving of stories, narratives and stories, the science of the past. One affects the other: from the traditions of the past comes alive, vibrant, fascinating story, because the story guest of his birth to rewrite history Dynasty The style of Florentine charmer differs from previous confession books Rushdie. there is no bias, emotional narrator, meets readers in midnight Children and Farewell sigh of the Moor. The structure has become more complex (non-linear narrative, the story-the story-the story), but at the same time has become more clear and stringent. When reading any association: The Museum of Innocence, Pamuk (again a clear, transparent text, compared with the previous authors books), My Name is Red by his (then matches a lot, the same time period, close the scene, Culture , the problem of East and West), and, oddly enough, Cranes and dwarfs Leonid Yuzefovich (again, the historical part, obsession, repetition in the narrative).

Free Essays on Effect On The Formation Of Pearlite And Bainite During The Isothermal Transformation

Effect on the formation of pearlite and bainite during the isothermal transformation All alloying elements except Co delay the formation of ferrite and cementite. It is very difficult to formulate any general rules regarding the influence exerted by the various alloying elements. However, it has definitely been found that some elements affect the bainite transformation more than the pearlite transformation, while other elements act in the opposite manner. Certain elements will, paradoxically, accelerate the transformations if their concentration increases beyond a certain limiting value, this limit been affected by other alloying elements present. For case-hardening and tool steels the time taken to initiate the pearlite-bainite transformation is reduced as the carbon content exceeds about 1%. For tool steels and constructional steels Si-concentrations of 1,5% and above have been found to promote pearlite formation. As a general principle it may be stated that by increasing the concentration of one alloying element by some few percent and the basic carbon content being kept about 0,50%, only a relatively small retardation of the transformation rates is noticed. For plain carbon steels a successive increase in C from 0,30% to 1% produces but a negligible effect. It is only in conjunction with several alloying elements that a more noticeable effect is produced. The diagram in Figure 3, applicable to steel W 1 (l% C) will serve as a basis for this discussion. The shortest transformation time for this steel is less than 1/8th second. Note that the time scale is logarithmic; hence there is no zero time. As has been mentioned previously, both pearlite and bainite form simultaneously in this steel at about 550Â °C. Since the curves overlap it is customary to draw only one curve. With increasing contents of certain alloying elements, however, the noses of the pearlite and bainite curves will separate. The structures shown in Figure ... Free Essays on Effect On The Formation Of Pearlite And Bainite During The Isothermal Transformation Free Essays on Effect On The Formation Of Pearlite And Bainite During The Isothermal Transformation Effect on the formation of pearlite and bainite during the isothermal transformation All alloying elements except Co delay the formation of ferrite and cementite. It is very difficult to formulate any general rules regarding the influence exerted by the various alloying elements. However, it has definitely been found that some elements affect the bainite transformation more than the pearlite transformation, while other elements act in the opposite manner. Certain elements will, paradoxically, accelerate the transformations if their concentration increases beyond a certain limiting value, this limit been affected by other alloying elements present. For case-hardening and tool steels the time taken to initiate the pearlite-bainite transformation is reduced as the carbon content exceeds about 1%. For tool steels and constructional steels Si-concentrations of 1,5% and above have been found to promote pearlite formation. As a general principle it may be stated that by increasing the concentration of one alloying element by some few percent and the basic carbon content being kept about 0,50%, only a relatively small retardation of the transformation rates is noticed. For plain carbon steels a successive increase in C from 0,30% to 1% produces but a negligible effect. It is only in conjunction with several alloying elements that a more noticeable effect is produced. The diagram in Figure 3, applicable to steel W 1 (l% C) will serve as a basis for this discussion. The shortest transformation time for this steel is less than 1/8th second. Note that the time scale is logarithmic; hence there is no zero time. As has been mentioned previously, both pearlite and bainite form simultaneously in this steel at about 550Â °C. Since the curves overlap it is customary to draw only one curve. With increasing contents of certain alloying elements, however, the noses of the pearlite and bainite curves will separate. The structures shown in Figure ...

USS North Carolina (BB-55) in World War II

USS North Carolina (BB-55) in World War II USS North Carolina (BB-55) was the lead ship of the North Carolina-class of battleships. The first new design constructed by the US Navy since the early 1920s, the North Carolina-class incorporated a variety of new technologies and design approaches.   Entering service in 1941, North Carolina saw extensive service in the Pacific during World War II and took part in nearly all of the major Allied campaigns. This saw it earn 15 battles stars, the most won by any American battleship. Retired in 1947, North Carolina was taken to Wilmington, NC in 1961 and opened as a museum ship the following year.   Treaty Limitations The story of the North Carolina-class begins with the Washington Naval Treaty (1922) and London Navy Treaty (1930) which limited warship size and total tonnage. As a result of the treaties, the US Navy did not built any new battleships for the most the 1920s and 1930s. In 1935, the General Board of the US Navy began preparations for the design of a new class of modern battleships. Operating under the constraints imposed by the Second London Naval Treaty (1936), which limited total displacement to 35,000 tons and the caliber of guns to 14, designers worked through a multitude of designs to create a new class that combined an effective mix of firepower, speed, and protection. Design and Construction After extensive debate, the General Board recommended design XVI-C which called for a battleship capable of 30 knots and mounting nine 14 guns. This recommendation was overruled by Secretary of the Navy Claude A. Swanson who favored the XVI design which mounted twelve 14 guns but had a maximum speed of 27 knots. The final design of what became the North Carolina-class emerged in 1937 after Japans refusal to agree to the 14 restriction imposed the treaty. This allowed the other signatories to implement the treatys escalator clause which permitted an increase to 16 guns and a maximum displacement of 45,000 tons. As a result, USS North Carolina and its sister, USS Washington, were redesigned with a main battery of nine 16 guns. Supporting this battery were twenty 5 dual purpose guns as well as an initial installation of sixteen 1.1 anti-aircraft guns. In addition, the ships received the new RCA CXAM-1 radar. Designated BB-55, North Carolina was laid down at the New York Naval Shipyard on October 27, 1937. Work progressed on the hull and the battleship slid down the ways on June 3, 1940 with Isabel Hoey, daughter of the Governor of North Carolina, serving as sponsor. USS North Carolina (BB-55) - Overview Nation: United StatesType: BattleshipShipyard: New York Naval ShipyardLaid Down: October 27, 1937Launched: June 13, 1940Commissioned: April 9, 1941Fate: Museum ship at Wilmington, NC Specifications: Displacement: 34,005 tonsLength: 728.8 ft.Beam: 108.3 ft.Draft: 33 ft.Propulsion: 121,000 hp, 4 x General Electric steam turbines, 4 x propellersSpeed: 26 knotsRange: 20,080 miles at 15 knotsComplement: 2,339 men Armament Guns 9 Ãâ€" 16 in.(410 mm)/45 cal. Mark 6 guns (3 x triple turrets)20 Ãâ€" 5 in (130 mm)/38 cal. dual-purpose guns60 x quad 40mm antiaircraft guns46 x single 20mm cannon Aircraft 3 x aircraft Early Service Work on North Carolina ended in early 1941 and the new battleship was commissioned on April 9, 1941 with Captain Olaf M. Hustvedt in command. As the US Navys first new battleship in nearly twenty years, North Carolina quickly became a center of attention and earned the enduring nickname Showboat. Through the summer of 1941, the ship conducted shakedown and training exercises in the Atlantic. With the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the US entry into World War II, North Carolina prepared to sail for the Pacific. The US Navy soon delayed this movement as there was concern that the German battleship Tirpitz might emerge to attack Allied convoys. Finally released to the US Pacific Fleet, North Carolina passed through the Panama Canal in early June, just days after the Allied triumph at Midway. Arriving at Pearl Harbor after stops at San Pedro and San Francisco, the battleship began preparations for combat in the South Pacific. South Pacific Departing Pearl Harbor on July 15 as part of a task force centered on the carrier USS Enterprise (CV-6) North Carolina steamed for the Solomon Islands. There it supported the landing of US Marines on Guadalcanal on August 7. Later in the month, North Carolina provided anti-aircraft support for the American carriers during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons. As Enterprise sustained significant damage in the fighting, the battleship began serving as an escort for USS Saratoga (CV-3) and then USS Wasp (CV-7) and USS Hornet (CV-8). On September 15, the Japanese submarine I-19 attacked the task force. Firing a spread of torpedoes, it sunk Wasp and the destroyer USS OBrien as well as damaged North Carolinas bow. Though the torpedo opened a large hole on the ships port side, the ships damage control parties quickly dealt with the situation and averted a crisis. Arriving at New Caledonia, North Carolina received temporary repairs before departing for Pearl Harbor. There, the battleship entered drydock to fix the hull and its anti-aircraft armament was enhanced. Tarawa Returning to service after a month in the yard, North Carolina spent much of 1943 screening American carriers in the vicinity of the Solomons. This period also saw the ship receive new radar and fire control equipment. On November 10, North Carolina sailed from Pearl Harbor with Enterprise as part of the Northern Covering Force for operations in the Gilbert Islands. In this role, the battleship provided support for Allied forces during the Battle of Tarawa. After bombarding Nauru in early December, North Carolina screened USS Bunker Hill (CV-17)when its aircraft attacked New Ireland. In January 1944, the battleship joined Rear Admiral Marc Mitschers Task Force 58. Island Hopping Covering Mitschers carriers, North Carolina also provided fire support for troops during the Battle of Kwajalein in late January. The following month, it protected the carriers as they mounted raids against Truk and the Marianas. North Carolina continued in this capacity for much of the spring until returning to Pearl Harbor for repairs on its rudder. Emerging in May, it rendezvoused with American forces at Majuro before sailing for the Marianas as part of Enterprises task force. Taking part in the Battle of Saipan in mid-June, North Carolina struck a variety of targets ashore. Upon learning that the Japanese fleet was approaching, the battleship departed the islands and protected American carriers during the Battle of the Philippine Sea on June 19-20. Remaining in the area until the end of the month, North Carolina then departed for the Puget Sound Navy Yard for a major overhaul. Finished in late October, North Carolina rejoined Admiral William Bull Halseys Task Force 38 at Ulithi on November 7. Final Battles Shortly thereafter, it endured a severe period at sea as TF38 sailed through Typhoon Cobra. Surviving the storm, North Carolina supported operations against Japanese targets in the Philippines as well as screened raids against Formosa, Indochina, and the Ryukyus. After escorting carriers on a raid on Honshu in February 1945, North Carolina turned south to provided fire support for Allied forces during the Battle of Iwo Jima. Shifting west in April, the ship fulfilled a similar role during the Battle of Okinawa. In addition to striking targets ashore, North Carolinas anti-aircraft guns aided in dealing with the Japanese kamikaze threat. Later Service Retirement After a brief overhaul at Pearl Harbor in late spring, North Carolina returned to Japanese waters where it protected carriers conducting airstrikes inland as well as bombarded industrial targets along the coast. With the surrender of Japan on August 15, the battleship sent part of its crew and Marine Detachment ashore for preliminary occupation duty. Anchoring in Tokyo Bay on September 5, it embarked these men before departing for Boston. Passing through the Panama Canal on October 8, it reached its destination nine days later. With the end of the war, North Carolina underwent a refit at New York and began peacetime operations in the Atlantic. In the summer of 1946, it hosted the US Naval Academys summer training cruise in the Caribbean. Decommissioned on June 27, 1947, North Carolina remained on the Navy List until June 1, 1960. The following year, the US Navy transferred the battleship to the State of North Carolina for a price of $330,000. These funds were largely raised by the states school children and the ship was towed to Wilmington, NC. Work soon began to convert the ship into a museum and North Carolina was dedicated as a memorial to the states World War II veteran in April 1962.

Economical and Environmental Consequences of Overfishing Essay

Economical and Environmental Consequences of Overfishing - Essay Example The problem of overfishing has its roots in human activities. Human beings have the mandate of taking care of their environments but in most cases, they do not do it. Human activities increase carbon emissions, which is a root cause of the problem is acidification of our seas. According to United Nations Environment as quoted in Ecocentric times, increasing carbon emissions has found its way in our oceans and the PH balance is no longer the same. Although only a few species like the crabs, corals, and shellfish will be greatly affected by acidification of the seas, a broken ecosystem balance will also affect the fish and hence food security (Walsh Web). It is worth noting, with interest, that all forms of life are interdependent and that extinction of one form of life threatens the survival of the rest of the ecosystem either directly or indirectly. On a global scale, the world has enough fish to cater for all its inhabitants and three other planets like earth. This means that the pr oblem is not with less fish in our oceans. According to Koster, â€Å"Worldwide, fishing fleets are two to three times as large as needed to take present-day catches of fish and other marine species and as what our oceans can support† (Koster, 2011, p.1). ...Statistics show that for every five persons, one depends on fish as a source of protein. Monterey Bay Aquarium foundation as quoted in Sea the Sea website clearly shows a great rise in fishing volumes. It is claimed, â€Å"Between 1950 and 1994, total fish caught increased by 400% and this increased in subsequent years† (Sea-the Sea, Web). UN Food and Agricultural Organisation statistics as quoted in Overfishing website depicts that there is no proper balance of fishing habits. That is â€Å"52% of fish fully exploited, 20% moderately exploited, 17% overexploited, 7% depleted, and 1% recovering from depletion† (Koster, 2011, p.1). At times overfishing is caused by corrupt activities of the managers of the se as who fully aware of the stress in our seas allow fishing. First, overfishing is a problem since economically fishing is an activity that supports so many livelihoods who earn a living from it. According to a UN website, â€Å"200 million people in the world depend on fishing worldwide† (Natal, 2006, P.1). Overfishing means that we are risking such millions of people losing their ways of earning a living. This is because fish is a finite resource that depletes over time especially if the stocks of fish left cannot replenish themselves. Secondly, overfishing destroys the normal ecosystem flow of marine species. This occurs after the extinction of one or more species that depend on the other for survival, which means that extinction of one or more fish species will adversely affect other sea species or even cause their extinction too.